Under the interim guidance, EPA inspectors will offer employees and employee representatives the opportunity to participate in chemical safety inspections. In addition, EPA will request that state and local agencies adopt similar procedures under the Risk Management Program (RMP). EPA believes that close involvement of employees and employee representatives in inspections is effective and better protects workers and the adjacent communities.
The interim guidance pertains to inspections conducte by EPA under the agency’s RMP. Through this program, EPA seeks to reduce the risks to surrounding communities that arise from the management, use, or storage of certain hazardous chemicals. Owners and operators of covered facilities must develop a risk management plan, which includes facility plans for the prevention and response to chemical accidents.
EPA expects to issue final guidance on participation of employees and employee representative in RMP inspections later this year.
Advertising Opportunities Available
Environmental Resource Center is making a limited number of advertising positions available in the Environmental Tip of the Week™, the Safety Tip of the Week™, and the Reg of the Day™.
Annual Hazmat Registration Deadline is July 1, 2010
DOT’s Pipeline and Hazardous Material Safety Administration (PHMSA) requires hazardous material transporters to register and pay a fee each year in return for a certificate of operation. Also, shippers of hazardous materials which require placard must register and pay the fee by July 1.
The registration fees for the 2010-2011 year are:
- $250 for small businesses and organizations, plus a $25 registration fee
- $2,575 for large businesses and organizations, plus a $25 registration fee
Carriers that do not register by the deadline will lose their authority to operate their vehicles in both intrastate and interstate commerce. A current certificate must be kept in the cab of each HAZMAT vehicle at all times. Any organization subject to these requirements that does not register and pay the necessary fee, can have their authority to operate will be revoked and they may be fined up to $32,500 per day of violation.
Hazardous Waste Landfill to Pay $180,000 Penalty for Multiple Violations
Ohio EPA cited the company for multiple violations from 2007 to 2009. Among the violations were:
- Failing to properly operate leachate collection sump pumps;
- Failing to properly operate the liquid collection and removal system around the stabilization containment building;
- Failing to report the exceedance of leakage rates for the stabilization containment building or failing to remove liquids from the building’s sumps within 30 days;
- Failing to implement the containment building response action plan as required by the facility’s permit;
- Failing to record and maintain a record of the volume of liquids removed from each sump;
- Failing to conduct several permit-required inspections or failing to make a record of inspections;
- Failing to notify Ohio EPA and U.S. EPA in writing that the liquid level in a containment building sump had not returned below a leakage rate level and failing to modify the facility’s response actions to make them more effective in reducing liquid levels in the sump; and
- Failing to keep liquid levels in the dewatering trenches around the city of Toledo water lines below the bottom of the water lines. At no time did leachate in the trenches enter the water lines.
Other violations covered poor management practices and record keeping, failing to properly label railcars and containers of used oil and failing to properly report all instances of exceedances or noncompliance with the facility’s permit conditions. Most of the violations have been resolved.
In addition to the penalty, the agreement with Ohio EPA required the company to make modifications to the facility’s permit to improve the monitoring, operation, and maintenance of the leachate collection systems; improve the inspection, record keeping, and reporting requirements of the water line trench monitoring program; clarify the notification requirements of the containment building Response Action Plan; and conduct leak testing around the containment building sump and submit the results to Ohio EPA.
Envirosafe also must submit documentation that staff involved in the measurement and removal of liquids from the raw water line trench sumps has been properly trained.
EPA Proposes to Regulate Coal Combustion Wastes under RCRA
The Agency is proposing two alternative regulations. Under the first proposal, EPA would reverse its August 1993 and May 2000 Bevill Regulatory Determinations regarding CCRs and list these residuals as special wastes subject to regulation under Subtitle C of RCRA, when they are destined for disposal in landfills or surface impoundments. Under the second proposal, EPA would leave the Bevill determination in place and regulate disposal of such materials under subtitle D of RCRA by issuing national minimum criteria. Under both alternatives EPA is proposing to establish dam safety requirements to address the structural integrity of surface impoundments to prevent catastrophic releases.
EPA is not proposing to change the May 2000 Regulatory Determination for beneficially used CCRs, which are currently exempt from the hazardous waste regulations under Section 3001(b)(3)(A) of RCRA. However, EPA is clarifying this determination and seeking comment on potential refinements for certain beneficial uses. EPA is also not proposing to address the placement of CCRs in mines, or non-minefill uses of CCRs at coal mine sites in this action.
EPA Supports Reinstating Superfund Tax
EPA sent a letter to Congress in support of reinstating the lapsed Superfund “polluter pays” taxes. If reinstated, the Superfund provision would provide a stable, dedicated source of revenue for the program and increase the pace of Superfund cleanup. It would also ensure that parties who benefit from the manufacture or sale of substances that commonly cause environmental problems at hazardous waste sites, and not taxpayers, help bear the cost of cleanup when responsible parties cannot be identified.
“Since the beginning of this administration we have made it clear that we support the reinstatement of the polluter pays system for the Superfund program,” said Mathy Stanislaus, assistant administrator for EPA’s Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. “Our taxes should be paying for teachers, police officers and infrastructure that is essential for sustainable growth—not footing the bill for polluters. Today, we are formalizing our call to Congress to pass this important legislation and ensure responsible steps to keep our communities clean. In the meantime, EPA is taking action to better manage the Superfund program to increase cleanups and enhance transparency, accountability, and community input in agency decision-making.”
The Superfund taxes expired on December 31, 1995. Since the expiration of the taxes, Superfund program funding has been largely financed from General Revenue transfers to the Superfund Trust Fund, thus burdening the taxpayer with the costs of cleaning up abandoned hazardous waste sites. The administration is proposing to reinstate the taxes as they were last in effect on crude oil, imported petroleum products, hazardous chemicals, and imported substances that use hazardous chemicals as a feedstock, and on corporate modified alternative minimum taxable income. Under the administration’s proposal, the excise taxes and corporate environmental taxes would be reinstated for a period of 10 years beginning in January 2011.
California Proposes Green Chemistry Rule
. They will also stimulate innovation in California’s product development sector.
“Study after study have shown that many consumer products are not safe, resulting with more and more being recalled,” said DTSC Acting Director Maziar Movassaghi. “This draft regulation is the first of its kind in the nation, and it essentially shifts the way government, industry and the public think about the products that end up in our homes.”
Movassaghi cited the recently released report from the President’s Cancer Panel, which made “green chemistry” approaches a priority recommendation. The report concluded that “safer alternatives for many currently used chemicals [are] urgently needed.” He also cited the recently released report from Environment California “Green Chemistry at Work” which recognizes 11 California companies that are already leading the green chemistry revolution as a part of their existing business model.
Released following 16 months of intense dialogue with stakeholders, the draft regulation would prioritize toxic chemicals and products, require manufacturers to seek safer alternatives to toxic chemicals in their products, and create tough governmental responses for lack of compliance.
Under the proposal, DTSC would create a list of chemicals that are toxic and can harm people or the environment. Products containing those chemicals would be prioritized based upon such factors as the volume in commerce, the extent of public exposure and how the product is eventually disposed. Manufacturers of those products would perform an alternatives assessment to determine if a viable safer alternative is available.
“I’m confident companies will step up to the plate and create new markets for ‘green’ products,” Movassaghi said. “We’re already seeing the demand, and innovative industry leaders are responding to that demand more and more. California is a cradle for innovation, and these companies are clearly leading the way. We are on the threshold of achieving what no other state or country has achieved.”
DTSC, in its continued commitment to transparency and public involvement, will hold two half-day public workshops on the draft regulation on July 7 and July 8, 2010. Over the past year, as part of the regulatory development process, DTSC has held numerous public meetings, workshops and worked with all stakeholders to develop the draft regulation. Following the July workshops, DTSC intends to begin the formal Administrative Procedures Act (APA) rulemaking process that it plans on completing by the end of this calendar year.
Written comments on the draft are due to DTSC by July 15, 2010 and should be sent to: gcregs@dtsc.ca.gov or mailed to: Heather Jones, Office of Legislation & Regulatory Policy, California Department of Toxic Substances Control, 1001 I Street, Sacramento, California, 95814.
California Acts to Reduce Emissions at Rail Yards
The California Air Resources Board (ARB) has acted on a staff proposal to further slash toxic diesel emissions originating from four of the highest polluting rail yards in the state.
The four rail yards, all located in Southern California, are BNSF San Bernardino, BNSF Hobart and UP Commerce (City of Commerce), and the UP Intermodal Container Transfer Facility/Dolores (Long Beach). Over the past five years, ARB and federal regulations and agreements have resulted in cutting emissions at the four rail yards in half. The Board’s actions will build on those reductions.
“Once again the Air Resources Board is leading the nation, taking aggressive action to characterize and reduce the health risks from diesel engines used in freight operations throughout our state,” said ARB Chairman Mary D. Nichols. “We recognize the importance of rail in moving freight throughout California and in most of the nation, while pushing the railroads to take responsibility for the disproportionate pollution their operations cause to the communities adjacent to their facilities.”
Diesel exhaust contains a variety of harmful gases and more than 40 other known cancer-causing compounds. In 1998, California identified diesel particulate matter as a toxic air contaminant based on its potential to cause cancer, premature death and other significant health problems.
The Board also indicated its intent to work with other agencies, local governments, stakeholders, and the railroads to identify and implement additional actions that can be taken both inside and outside the rail yards.
The Board directed ARB staff to consider several additional items related to the proposed commitments by the railroads. These include: responding in writing to environmental issues raised by the public; considering the use of an independent third party auditor to assess implementation progress; focusing efforts on the development of new locomotives and zero and near-zero emissions technology; allowing affected communities to enforce ARB’s commitments if they are not carried out; ensuring data can be easily accessed and delivered in a user-friendly format; and considering the addition of a commitment by the railroads against any backsliding on progress to date.
The commitments the Board endorsed build on the existing regulations and agreements cutting emissions in 2015 by another 10 to 20%, and 2020 emissions by another 30 to 50%. Because of a hard cap placed on emissions under the commitments, total emissions at the San Bernardino rail yard, for example, will be 3.4 tons a year instead of seven tons in 2020. Health risks will similarly be reduced an additional 50% under the commitments.
As a result of a previous agreement with the railroads in 1998, Southern California is now home to the cleanest fleet of locomotives in the nation. A later agreement with the railroads in 2005, along with other steps ARB took, succeeded in slashing emissions by half over the past five years.
The Board’s actions establish a process that continues this approach, effectively reducing maximum individual cancer risks from a projected rate of 2,500 per million for those living closest to the rail yards to 400 per million in 2020. A forward-looking provision in the commitment requires that potential new cost-effective technologies that could further reduce health risks at these four rail yards in the future be assessed in 2018.
The commitments were crafted in consultation with BNSF Railway and Union Pacific Railroad, as well as other stakeholders, and focus on the four rail yards with the highest emissions and risk to nearby communities.
Combined, the four rail yards handle about 75% of containers and rail-related truck traffic in California. In 2005, each of these four rail yards generated on average about 20 tons per year of diesel soot. By 2020, and irrespective of future rates of growth, the combination of existing measures and the new agreement reduces average diesel emissions per yard to about 3 tons per year.
For the four high-risk rail yards, these commitments will:
- Establish a hard cap that requires emissions to decline according to a specified schedule;
- Require a 10–20% larger reduction than would occur by 2015 if only existing measures were used, and about a 30–50% larger reduction by 2020;
- Ensure that emissions will continue to decline regardless of growth or increased activity;
- Establish a schedule for ARB to routinely prepare estimates of future health risks at each high priority rail yard through 2020;
- Provide for independent ARB verification of rail yard activity to ensure that all obligations are met;
- Lead to ARB installation and operation of a new air quality monitor in the community near the San Bernardino rail yard and another near the Commerce/Hobart rail yards;
- Trigger specific and prompt actions by ARB if the emission reductions are not achieved; and,
- Create a process for ongoing public participation for the duration of the commitments.
The ARB has already adopted measures for port trucks, cargo handling equipment, transport refrigeration units and cleaner fuel for intrastate and interstate locomotives that are already showing major air quality benefits near rail yards and throughout the state. These and other regulations are the outcome of the Board’s adoption in 2000 of the landmark Diesel Risk Reduction Plan, an ambitious effort to reduce toxic emissions from diesel sources throughout the state.
MPCA Debuts New Complaint Reporting System
The Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA) recently launched its new online Complaint Tracker system.
The MPCA receives about 1,000 environmental complaints from citizens each year. Complaints range from seeing a neighbor illegally dumping garbage to spotting a puzzling oily sheen on a lake.
“The MPCA relies on citizens to notify us of potential environmental problems, whether it’s someone dumping a mystery substance into a river or someone running a business without appropriate environmental safeguards and permits,” said Katie Koelfgen, supervisor, MPCA Air Quality Compliance and Enforcement Unit. “Speed and efficiency are important when it comes to protecting the environment. Once the MPCA knows about the problem and investigates, we’re able to take action quickly before further environmental damage is done.”
While citizens can still rely on the phone to report a complaint, the new online system eliminates the need for messages, phone tag, or repeated phone calls for more information. MPCA inspectors find the Complaint Tracker system to be user-friendly and efficient, allowing them to follow up on complaints more quickly.
Arcelormittal Minorca Mine Fined for Alleged Air Quality Violations
ArcelorMittal Mine Inc., recently agreed to pay a $19,000 civil penalty for alleged air quality violations and will be required to complete corrective actions to bring the facility back into compliance within 45 days, the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA) announced.
The company owns and operates a taconite production facility in Virginia, Minnesota. The facility processes taconite ore and produces pellets for iron-making.
ArcelorMittal’s air quality permit, issued in 2007, regulates equipment emissions and sets allowable operating ranges for air pollution control devices at several stages of the production process. Company monitoring reports submitted between the second half of 2006 and the second half of 2009 documented a number of deviations from air pollution control equipment permit requirements and allowable operating parameters.
To resolve these violations, the company has agreed to a number of requirements including submission of a plan to ensure compliance with applicable limits.
Stipulation agreements are one of the tools used by the MPCA to achieve compliance with environmental laws. When calculating penalties, the MPCA takes into account how seriously the violation affected the environment, whether it is a first time or repeat violation and how promptly the violation was reported to appropriate authorities. It also attempts to recover the calculated economic benefit gained by failure to comply with environmental laws in a timely manner.
New Jersey Slashes Enforcement Budget
The precipitous drop in fine revenue will further reduce an already shrinking enforcement presence by the state Department of Environmental Protection (DEP), which depends on those funds to pay for inspections and monitoring of polluting industries.
The budget numbers project a steep drop in DEP enforcement fine revenue from more than $14 million in FY 2009 (the last year in the books) to an anticipated $6,840,000. This trend is magnified when looking at total DEP revenues from fees and fines combined.
“These reductions amount to under-the-table givebacks to corporations at the expense of the public,” stated New Jersey PEER Director Bill Wolfe, a former DEP Analyst. “In a time of billion dollar deficits and draconian budget cuts, Governor Christie is cutting polluter fines.”
While the impact will be felt across all programs at DEP, it will fall especially hard on some high impact areas. For example, a recent report identified the Kuehne Chemical in South Kearny (between Newark and Jersey City) as the most dangerous chemical plant in the United State. Yet under the Christie budget oil and chemical plant safety fines are only expected to be $50,000, not enough to support a credible deterrent to violations of critical chemical safety requirements and shifting the burden to pay for the compliance monitoring program to taxpayers, instead of the chemical industry.
Other changes also indicate a deliberately softer approach to polluters. For example, DEP just revived the Whitman-era Office of Dispute Resolution. Under Whitman, that office served as industry’s back door to override enforcement staff and negotiate voluntary agreements in lieu of formal enforcement action. Significantly, DEP Commissioner Bob Martin is housing this Office of Dispute Resolution under the new Assistant Commissioner for Economic Development, a former auto industry and Chamber of Commerce lawyer.
“What is going on is about as subtle as changing the DEP motto to ‘Let’s Make a Deal,’” added Wolfe. “Commissioner Martin repeatedly talks about metrics as means to measure his record but, by any yardstick, cutting enforcement fines by half is a bad indicator.”
Free Recycling Program for Agrichemical Containers
The Illinois Department of Agriculture is encouraging farmers to save their empty agrichemical containers rather than discard them. The department has announced the schedule for the 2010 Pesticide Container Recycling Program.
Beginning in early August, sites throughout the state will collect the containers and grind them into small plastic chips that will be used to make shipping pallets, fence posts, drainage tubing, plastic lumber and other useful products.
“This program offers farmers a convenient way to dispose of empty pesticide containers and protect the environment at the same time,” Agriculture Director Tom Jennings said. “I encourage them to gather any containers that they may have been planning to throw in the garbage and take them to the nearest collection site.”
Metal and household pesticide containers are not eligible for the recycling program. Collection sites will accept only high-density polyethylene, #2 plastic, agrichemical containers that are clean and dry. Participants are responsible for rinsing them and removing all caps, labels, booklets, and foil seals.
The program is a cooperative venture between the Illinois Department of Agriculture, the Agriculture Container Recycling Council, GROWMARK, Inc., the Illinois Fertilizer and Chemical Association, Container Services Network, the Illinois Farm Bureau, and the University of Illinois Extension.
To obtain a brochure about the program, call the Illinois Department of Agriculture toll free at 1-800-641-3934.
House Agrees to National Limits on Formaldehyde Emissions from Composite Wood Products
The Committee on Energy and Commerce favorably reported the House bill on May 26, 2010.
This legislation directs the EPA to establish a national standard to limit formaldehyde emissions from composite wood products. These regulations would be equivalent to the requirements already set by the state of California, and would apply to hardwood plywood, medium-density fiberboard, and particleboard that is sold, supplied, offered for sale, or manufactured anywhere in the United States. The legislation also requires the Department of Housing and Urban Development to update its regulations to reflect the formaldehyde standards established by EPA, and preserves EPA’s authority to make further, subsequent limitations on such emissions.
Energy Star Helps Auto Plants Improve Energy Efficiency
The emissions reductions, which help to fight climate change, equal the emissions from the electricity use of more than 80,000 homes for a year.
The report, Assessing Improvement in the Energy Efficiency of U.S. Auto Assembly Plants, affirms EPA’s energy management strategy, particularly the importance of performance measurement and recognition for top performance. The report also demonstrates that the gap between top performing plants and others has closed and the performance of the industry as a whole has improved.
Central to this energy management approach is the Energy Star Energy Performance Indicator (EPI) for auto assembly plants, which enables industry to benchmark plant energy performance against peers and over time. Energy Star EPIs exist or are under development for more than 20 other industries. Across these industries, EPA has recognized nearly 60 manufacturing plants with the Energy Star label, representing savings of more than $500 million and more than 6 million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent annually.
The U.S. industrial sector accounts for more than 30% of energy use in the United States. If the energy efficiency of industrial facilities improved by 10%, EPA estimates that Americans would save nearly $20 billion and reduce greenhouse gas emissions equal to the emissions from the electricity use of more than 22 million homes for a year. Hundreds of industrial companies across more than a dozen manufacturing industries are working with EPA’s Energy Star program to develop strong energy management programs, earn the Energy Star for their plants, and achieve breakthrough improvements in energy efficiency.
EPA Announces Winners of the Presidential Green Chemistry Challenge Awards
The Presidential Green Chemistry Challenge Awards recognize and promote green chemistry technologies, including cleaner processes; safer raw materials; and safer, better products. They also highlight the environmental and economic benefits of novel green chemistry.
- Academic Award: James C. Liao, PhD, Easel Biotechnologies, LLC and University of California, Los Angeles
- Small Business Award: LS9, Inc., South San Francisco, California
- Greener Synthetic Pathways Award: The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan, jointly with BASF, Florham Park, New Jersey
- Greener Reaction Conditions Award: Merck & Co., Rahway, New Jersey, jointly with Codexis, Inc., Redwood City, California
- Designing Greener Chemicals Award: Clarke, Roselle, Illinois
An independent panel of technical experts convened by the American Chemical Society Green Chemistry Institute selected the 2010 winners from among scores of nominated technologies.
EPA’s Presidential Green Chemistry Challenge Program has significantly reduced the hazards associated with designing, manufacturing, and using chemicals. During the life of the program, EPA has received more than 1,300 nominations and presented awards to 77 winners. Winning technologies alone are responsible for reducing the use or generation of more than an estimated 198 million lb of hazardous chemicals, saving 21 billion gallons of water, and eliminating 57 million lb of carbon dioxide releases to air. These benefits are in addition to significant energy and cost savings by the winners and their customers.
Two Massachusetts Companies Face Fines for Storm Water Violations
Discharges of muddy storm water from a construction site, in violation of the federal Clean Water Act, has prompted EPA to file an enforcement action seeking penalties against two companies constructing a residential development in Ayer, Massachusetts.
EPA’s New England regional office has issued a complaint under the federal Clean Water Act to Crabtree Development, LLC of Ayer, Massachusetts, and R.A. Powell Construction Corp., of Lunenberg, Massachusetts, for unauthorized storm water discharges from a construction site.
Crabtree Development is the developer of a residential development called Pingry Hill in Ayer, and Powell is the general contractor. On two separate occasions in 2009, an EPA inspector observed that storm water contaminated with sand, dirt, sediment, suspended solids, residues of construction material, and turbidity was running off the site into adjoining waters and wetlands.
Because they are operators of a site disturbing more than one acre, the companies were required to apply for either an individual permit or a promulgated General Permit for Storm Water Discharges from Construction Activities. The permit requires the use of “best management practices” to prevent erosion and sedimentation of waterways that can result from construction activities.
Though construction began in 2007, neither company had submitted a Notice of Intent for coverage under the NPDES Construction General Permit until Crabtree Development did so in January 2010, following the EPA inspections. EPA’s complaint seeks a penalty of up to $177,500 for the violations.
Rainwater running off construction sites can carry sediments, oil, and other pollutants which contaminate nearby streams, ponds, and rivers. Erosion from a one-acre construction site could discharge as much as 20 to 150 tons of sediment in one year if not properly managed. Sediments reduce the storage capacity of drains and waterways, causing flooding and adversely affecting water quality and fish habitat. Sediments and chemicals can also contribute to fish die-offs, toxic algae blooms, contaminated shellfish beds, and closed swimming beaches.
Consolidated Pharmaceutical Group Convicted of Numerous Felony Hazardous Waste Violations
Maryland Attorney General Douglas F. Gansler announced that Consolidated Pharmaceutical Group, Inc., (CPG) in Anne Arundel County, plead guilty to 47 counts of storing and abandoning a controlled hazardous substance, as well as three felony counts of knowingly storing a controlled hazardous substance knowing that the storage places a person or persons in danger of serious injury. Judge Paul Harris, Jr. sentenced CPG to a fine of $250,000 and three years probation. As a special condition of probation, CPG and its principal, Mehmet Tunc Turgut, will immediately place the property up for sale with no further interest by either the company or Turgut. Judge Harris also ordered CPG and Turgut to no longer own industrial or commercial property or any business in the State of Maryland in the future, including, but not limited to, any enterprise where chemical or hazardous materials are involved.
CPG was an antibiotics manufacturing facility until the site and production was shut down in 1999. When in production, the facility produced antibiotics in bulk quantities, maintained laboratories, and generated hazardous waste. The property is located in a mixed use area of Anne Arundel County. Commercial properties, residential homes, a school and park, and a nursing home are all located within a several mile radius of the facility.
Following a referral, the Maryland Department of the Environment’s (MDE) Hazardous Waste Division performed multiple inspections of the property, beginning in April 2007. The Office of the Attorney General’s Environmental Crimes Unit was also contacted and conducted an investigation. Inspectors found approximately 150 barrels of hazardous and flammable chemicals stored and stacked inside the building. In lab rooms, inspectors found 300 containers of chemicals and hazardous lab waste, all out-dated and most without labels. Most of the lab containers contained liquid hazardous substances that were highly flammable, corrosive, toxic, and reactive. Chemical reactions were noted in a lab cabinet which MDE inspectors and Anne Arundel Fire Department noted as posing an immediate risk of fire, explosion or other release of hazardous substances. Investigators found three chemicals labeled as acutely hazardous wastes: carbon disulfide, arsenic trioxide, and potassium cyanide. Evacuation plans for a five mile radius were constructed by the Fire Department in light of potentially deadly results that would occur if a fire were to break out, which was considered an imminent threat.
During an inspection in November 2007, MDE inspectors found 25 drums of chemicals and solvents, along with a sign dated June 27, 1996, and labeled “Waste Containment Area.” The substances listed were all sampled and tested. All of the substances were tested and found to be hazardous substances under State and federal guidelines and definitions within required ranges for at least one of the following standards classifying hazardous substances: ignitability, corrosivity, or the presence of volatiles.
CPG began clearing out the chemicals on site in April 2007, a process that was completed in 2009.
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Trivia Question of the Week
The most recent version of the DOT’s Emergency Response Guidebook was published in what year?
a. 2010
b. 2009
c. 2008
d. 2006